Niat Qadha Puasa Ramadhan: Complete Guide & Intention

Jan 12, 2026 by Tim Redaksi 54 views

Fasting in Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, and it is obligatory for every Muslim who meets the requirements. However, there are times when a person may not be able to fast due to valid reasons, such as illness, travel, or menstruation. In such cases, they are required to make up for the missed fasts later, which is known as qadha fasting. This article will guide you through everything you need to know about niat qadha puasa Ramadhan, including the intention, its importance, and related rulings.

Understanding Qadha Puasa Ramadhan

Let's dive into the specifics of qadha puasa Ramadhan. Qadha literally means 'to fulfill' or 'to make up'. In the context of fasting, it refers to making up for the fasts that were missed during the month of Ramadan due to legitimate reasons. Islamic jurisprudence provides concessions for those who cannot fast during Ramadan, ensuring that no one is unduly burdened. The primary reasons that permit someone to postpone fasting and later perform qadha include:

Illness: If a person is sick and fasting would worsen their condition or hinder their recovery, they are allowed to postpone fasting.
Travel: Travelers undertaking a journey that meets a certain distance threshold (as defined in Islamic law) are permitted to not fast. This is to ease the hardship of travel.
Menstruation and Postpartum Bleeding: Women experiencing menstruation or postpartum bleeding (nifas) are prohibited from fasting and must make up for the missed fasts later.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If a pregnant or breastfeeding woman fears for her health or the health of her child, she is allowed to postpone fasting.

It is essential to understand that qadha fasting is a debt that must be fulfilled. Neglecting to make up for missed fasts without a valid reason is considered a sin. Therefore, Muslims should strive to complete their qadha fasts as soon as possible.

The Importance of Niat (Intention)

In Islam, niat or intention holds a crucial role in the validity of any act of worship, including fasting. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Verily, actions are judged by their intentions." This means that the intention behind an action determines its acceptance by Allah. Without a proper intention, the act is considered invalid.

When it comes to qadha puasa Ramadhan, making the correct niat is essential. The niat is a declaration of your purpose to perform the fast to fulfill the missed obligation from Ramadan. It is not merely a verbal statement but a heartfelt resolve to complete the act of worship for the sake of Allah. The niat should be made before the start of the fast, ideally during the night before dawn (Subuh). However, according to some scholars, if one forgets to make the niat at night, it can be made before noon, provided that the person has not eaten, drunk, or engaged in any activity that breaks the fast.

The significance of niat lies in its ability to distinguish between an ordinary action and an act of worship. For instance, abstaining from food and drink could simply be dieting, but with the niat of fasting, it becomes an act of obedience to Allah. Similarly, the niat for qadha puasa Ramadhan differentiates it from voluntary fasting.

How to Make the Niat Qadha Puasa Ramadhan

Making the niat for qadha puasa Ramadhan is a straightforward process. The intention should be made sincerely in the heart. While it is permissible to verbalize the intention, it is not obligatory. The essential aspect is the firm resolve in your heart to fast for the purpose of fulfilling the missed fast from Ramadan.

Here’s how you can make the niat:

Determine the Number of Fasts: Before making the niat, determine the number of fasts you need to make up. Keep a record to ensure you fulfill all your obligations.
Set the Intention: The niat should be made before dawn (Subuh). You can say in your heart or verbally express: "I intend to fast tomorrow to make up for a missed fast from Ramadan for the sake of Allah."
Arabic Intention (Optional): For those who prefer to say the intention in Arabic, you can use the following:

نَوَيْتُ صَوْمَ غَدٍ عَنْ قَضَاءِ فَرْضِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ِللهِ تَعَالَى

(Nawaitu sauma ghadin 'an qadhā'i fardhi shahri Ramadhāna lillāhi ta'ālā)

Translation: "I intend to fast tomorrow to make up for an obligatory fast from the month of Ramadan for the sake of Allah."
Be Specific: It’s important to be specific in your niat. If you have multiple fasts to make up, each day when you set your intention, keep in mind that you are making up for a missed fast from Ramadan.
Consistency: Make the niat every night before you fast. Consistency ensures that you are fulfilling your obligation with mindfulness and sincerity.

Example Scenarios

To further clarify, let’s consider a couple of scenarios:

Scenario 1: A woman who missed several fasts due to menstruation: She needs to count the number of days she missed. Each night before fasting, she makes the niat by saying, “I intend to fast tomorrow to make up for a missed fast from Ramadan for the sake of Allah.”
Scenario 2: A traveler who missed fasts due to a journey: Upon returning home, he counts the missed fasts. Each night, he makes the intention to fast the next day to fulfill his qadha obligation.

Rulings and Considerations for Qadha Puasa

Several rulings and considerations are associated with qadha puasa that Muslims should be aware of:

Timing: It is preferable to complete the qadha fasts as soon as possible. However, there is no specific time frame, as long as they are completed before the next Ramadan. Delaying without a valid reason is discouraged.
Sequence: While it is recommended to perform the qadha fasts in sequence, it is not obligatory. You can fast on consecutive days or space them out according to your convenience.
Combining Qadha and Voluntary Fasts: It is not permissible to combine the intention of qadha and voluntary fasts. The niat must be solely for fulfilling the missed fast from Ramadan.
Death Before Completing Qadha: If a person dies before completing their qadha fasts and they had the means to do so but did not, it is permissible for their heirs to fast on their behalf or pay fidyah (compensation) for each missed fast. Fidyah involves feeding a needy person for each day of fasting missed.
Fidyah: For individuals who are permanently unable to fast due to chronic illness or old age, they are required to pay fidyah instead of fasting. This ensures that they still fulfill their obligation in a way that is feasible for them.

Overcoming Challenges in Performing Qadha Fasting

Performing qadha fasts can sometimes be challenging due to various factors such as busy schedules or health issues. Here are some tips to help overcome these challenges:

Plan Ahead: Create a schedule to incorporate the qadha fasts into your routine. Planning helps you stay organized and ensures that you complete them before the next Ramadan.
Start Early: Begin making up for the missed fasts as soon as possible after Ramadan. This prevents the obligation from piling up and becoming overwhelming.
Seek Support: Enlist the support of family and friends. Fasting together can make the process easier and more enjoyable.
Stay Healthy: Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly to ensure you have the energy to fast. Consult with a healthcare professional if you have any health concerns.
Make Dua: Ask Allah for assistance in fulfilling your obligation. Dua is a powerful tool that can help you overcome any obstacles.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding and fulfilling the niat qadha puasa Ramadhan is a vital aspect of Islamic practice. It ensures that Muslims meet their obligations even when faced with legitimate reasons for missing fasts during Ramadan. By making the correct niat, understanding the related rulings, and planning effectively, you can successfully complete your qadha fasts and seek Allah's pleasure. May Allah accept our efforts and make it easy for us to fulfill our religious duties. Remember guys, niat is key, so make sure you're setting the right intention! Let's all strive to complete our qadha fasts with sincerity and devotion. Alhamdulillah!